What is Dry Eye?

Dry eye is a common condition in which your eyes do not produce enough tears, or the quality of tears is poor. As a result, the surface of your eyes becomes dry, leading to discomfort, redness, and sometimes blurred vision.
Healthy tears are essential for clear vision and eye comfort — they keep the surface of the eye smooth and protect it from dust, infection, and irritation.

Common Symptoms

• Burning, stinging, or gritty sensation (like sand in the eyes)
• Redness and watering
• Blurred or fluctuating vision
• Sensitivity to light
• Eye fatigue, especially with prolonged screen use or reading
• Difficulty wearing contact lenses

Causes

Dry eye can result from one or more of the following:
Decreased tear production: due to age, certain medications (antihistamines, antidepressants), autoimmune diseases (like rheumatoid arthritis or Sjögren’s syndrome).
Increased tear evaporation: caused by meibomian gland dysfunction (oil gland blockage), prolonged screen time, air-conditioned or windy environments.
Poor tear quality: when the balance of water, oil, and mucus in tears is disturbed.
Diagnosis: A detailed eye examination helps determine the type and severity of dry eye. Tests like tear film breakup time, Schirmer’s test, and meibography may be performed to assess tear quantity and gland health.
Treatment:
Treatment is tailored to the underlying cause and severity:

• Artificial tears and lubricating eye drops
• Warm compresses and lid hygiene to improve oil gland function
• Prescription medications (anti-inflammatory drops) when needed
• Lifestyle changes: blink regularly during screen use, stay hydrated, use humidifiers, and avoid direct air flow to the eyes.

Prognosis: With proper diagnosis and regular care, most patients experience significant relief and improved vision comfort. Early treatment prevents progression and protects long-term eye health.